Overeenkomst tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en Japan betreffende luchtdiensten

Article 1 For the purpose of the present Agreement, the provisions of the Convention on International Civil Aviation signed at Chicago on December 7, 1944 (hereinafter called „Convention”), which are applicable to the air services established and operated hereunder, shall, in their present terms or as amended in respect of both Contracting Parties in accordance with relevant provisions of the Convention, apply between the Contracting Parties for the duration of the present Agreement. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 2 1 For the purpose of the present Agreement, unless the text, otherwise provides: (a) the term „aeronautical authorities” means, in the case of Japan, the Ministry of Transportation and any person or body authorised to perform any functions presently exercised by the said Ministry or similar functions, and, in the case of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Director-General of Civil Aviation and any person or body authorised to perform any functions presently exercised by the said Director-General or similar functions; (b) the term „designated airline” means an airline which one Contracting Party shall have designated by written notification to the other Contracting Party for the operation of air services on the routes specified in such notification, and which has the appropriate operating permission from that other Contracting Party, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the present Agreement; (c) the term „air service” means any scheduled air service performed by aircraft for the public transport of passengers, cargo or mail; (d) the term „international air service” means an air service which passes through the air space over the territory of more than one State; (e) the term „airline” means any air transport enterprise offering or operating an international air service; (f) the term „stop for non-traffic purposes” means a landing for any purpose other than taking on or putting down passengers, cargo or mail; (g) the term „Schedule” means the Schedule to the present Agreement or as amended in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of the present Agreement. (2) The Schedule forms an integral part of the present Agreement, and all reference to the „Agreement” shall include reference to the Schedule except where otherwise provided. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 3 Each Contracting Party grants to the other Contracting Party the rights specified in the present Agreement to enable its designated airlines to establish and operate international air services on the routes specified in the appropriate Section of the Schedule (hereinafter called „agreed services” and „specified routes” respectively). 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 4 (1) The agreed services on any specified route may be inaugurated immediately or at a later date at the option of the Contracting Party to which the rights are granted under Article 3 of the present Agreement, but not before (a) the Contracting Party to which the rights have been granted has designated an airline or airlines for that route, and (b) the Contracting Party granting the rights has given the appropriate operating permission to the airline or airlines concerned; which it shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article and of paragraph (1) of Article 7, be bound to grant without delay. (2) Each of the airlines designated may be required to satisfy the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party that it is qualified to fulfil the conditions prescribed by the laws and regulations normally and reasonably applied by those authorities to the operation of international air services. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 5 (1) Subject to the provisions of the present Agreement, the designated airlines of each Contracting Party shall enjoy, while operating an agreed service on a specified route, the following privileges: (a) to fly without landing across the territory of the other Contracting Party; (b) to make stops in the said territory for non-traffic purposes; and (c) to make stops in the said territory at the points specified for that route in the Schedule for the purposes of putting down and of taking on international traffic in passengers, cargo and mail. (2) Nothing in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be deemed to confer on the airlines of one Contracting Party the privilege of taking up, in the territory of the other Contracting Party, passengers, cargo or mail carried for remuneration or hire and destined for another point in the territory of that other Contracting Party. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 6 (1) The charges which either of the Contracting Parties may impose, or permit to be imposed, on the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party for the use of airports and other facilities under its control shall be just and reasonable and not higher than would be paid for the use of such airports and facilities by any national airline of the first Contracting Party in providing similar international air services. (2) In respect of customs duties, inspection fees and similar national or local duties or charges on fuel, lubricating oils, spare parts, regular aircraft equipment and aircraft stores introduced into the territory of one Contracting Party or taken on board aircraft in that territory, by or on behalf of the designated airline or airlines of the other Contracting Party and intended solely for use by or in the aircraft of those airlines, the designated airlines of the second Contracting Party shall, subject to compliance with normal customs regulations, be accorded, in addition to the treatment prescribed in Article 24 of the Convention, treatment not less favourable than that granted by the first Contracting Party to the airlines of the most favoured nation or to its national airlines engaged in international air services. Neither Contracting Party shall, however, be obliged to grant to the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party exemption or remission of customs duties, inspection fees or similar national or local duties or charges, unless such other Contracting Party grants exemption or remission of the duties or charges in question to the designated airlines of the first Contracting Party. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953 Ingevolge artikel 3, tweede lid, van de Overeenkomst van 20 februari 2023 worden verwijzingen in dit artikel, eerste en tweede lid, naar „airlines” van Nederland begrepen als verwijzingen naar „airlines” van Nederland die niet door Nederland zijn aangewezen (Trb 2023/123).

Article 7 (1) Each Contracting Party reserves the right to withhold or revoke the privileges specified in paragraph (1) of Article 5 of the present Agreement in respect of an airline designated by the other Contracting Party, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by the airline of those privileges, in any case where it is not satisfied that substantial ownership and effective control of such airline are vested in the Contracting Party designating the airline or in nationals of such Contracting Party. (2) Each Contracting Party reserves the right to suspend the exercise by a designated airline of the other Contracting Party of the privileges referred to in paragraph (1) above, or to impose such conditions as it may deem necessary on the exercise by the airline of those privileges, in any case where such airline fails to comply with such laws and regulations of the Contracting Party granting those privileges as referred to in Articles 11 and 13 of the Convention or otherwise fails to operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the present Agreement; provided that, unless immediate suspension or imposition of conditions is essential to prevent further infringements of such laws and regulations, this right shall be exercised only after consultation with the other Contracting Party. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953 Ingevolge artikel 2, eerste lid, van de Overeenkomst van 20 februari 2023 is artikel 2, tweede lid, van de Overeenkomst van 20 februari 2023 van toepassing geworden in plaats van dit artikel, eerste lid (Trb 2023/123).

Article 8 There shall be fair and equal opportunity for the airlines of both Contracting Parties to establish and operate the agreed services between and beyond their respective territories. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953 Ingevolge artikel 3, tweede lid, van de Overeenkomst van 20 februari 2023 worden verwijzingen in dit artikel naar „airlines” van Nederland begrepen als verwijzingen naar „airlines” van Nederland die niet door Nederland zijn aangewezen (Trb 2023/123).

Article 9 In the operation by the designated airlines of either Contracting Party of the agreed services, the interests of the designated airlines of the other Contracting Party shall be taken into consideration so as not to affect unduly the services which the latter provides on all or part of the same routes. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 10 (1) The agreed services provided by the designated airlines of the Contracting Parties shall bear a close relationship to the requirements of the public for such services. (2) The agreed services provided by a designated airline shall retain as their primary objective the provision at a reasonable load factor of capacity adequate to current and reasonably anticipated requirements for the carriage of passengers, cargo and mail originating from or destined for the territory of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline. Provision for the carriage of passengers, cargo and mail both taken up and put down at points on the specified routes in the territories of States other than that designating the airline shall be made in accordance with the general principles that capacity shall be related to: (a) traffic requirements to and from the territory of the Contracting Party which has designated the airline; (b) the requirements of through airline operation; and (c) traffic requirements of the area through which the airline passes, after taking account of local and regional services. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 11 (1) The tariffs on any agreed service shall be established at reasonable levels, due regard being paid to all relevant factors including cost of operation, reasonable profit, characteristics of service and the tariffs of other airlines for any part of the specified route. These tariffs shall be fixed in accordance with the following provisions of this Article. (2) Agreement on the tariffs shall, wherever possible, be reached by the designated airlines concerned through the rate-fixing machinery of the International Air Transport Association. When this is not possible, tariffs in respect of each of the specified routes shall be agreed between the designated airlines concerned. In any case the tariffs shall be subject to the approval of the aeronautical authorities of both Contracting Parties. (3) If the designated airlines concerned cannot agree on the tariffs, or if the aeronautical authorities of either Contracting Party do not approve the tariffs submitted to them, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (2) of this Article, the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reach agreement on the appropriate tariffs. (4) If the agreement under paragraph (3) of this Article cannot be reached, the dispute shall be settled in accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of the present Agreement. (5) No new tariff shall come into effect if the aeronautical authorities of either Contracting Party are dissatisfied with it except under the terms of paragraph (3) of Article 14 of the present Agreement. Pending determination of the tariffs in accordance with the provisions of this Article, the tariffs already in force shall prevail. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 12 The aeronautical authorities of either Contracting Party shall supply to the aeronautical authorities of the other Contracting Party at the latter's request such periodic or other statements of statistics as may be reasonably required for the purpose of surveying the capacity provided on the agreed services by the designated airlines of the first Contracting Party. Such statements shall include all information required to determine the amount of traffic carried by those airlines on the agreed services. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 13 There shall be regular and frequent consultation between the aeronautical authorities of the Contracting Parties to ensure close collaboration in all matters affecting the fulfilment of the present Agreement. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 14 (1) If any dispute arises between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation or application of the present Agreement, the Contracting Parties shall in the first place endeavour to settle it by negotiation between themselves. (2) If the Contracting Parties fail to reach a settlement by negotiation, the dispute may at the request of either Contracting Party be submitted for decision to a tribunal of three arbitrators, one to be named by each Contracting Party and the third to be agreed upon by the two arbitrators so chosen, provided that such third arbitrator shall not be a national of either Contracting Party. Each of the Contracting Parties shall designate an arbitrator within a period of sixty days from the date of receipt by either Contracting Party from the other Contracting Party of a diplomatic note requesting arbitration of the dispute and the third arbitrator shall be agreed upon within a further period of sixty days. If either of the Contracting Parties fails to designate its own arbitrator within the period of sixty days or if the third arbitrator is not agreed upon within the period indicated, the President of the International Court of Justice may be requested by either Contracting Party to appoint an arbitrator or arbitrators. (3) The Contracting Parties undertake to comply with any decision given under paragraph (2) of this Article. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 15 Either Contracting Party may at any time request consultation with the other Contracting Party for the purpose of amending the present Agreement, such consultation to begin within a period of sixty days from the date of request. If the amendment relates only to the Schedule, the consultation shall be between the aeronautical authorities of both Contracting Parties. When these authorities agree on a new or revised Schedule, their recommendations on the matter will come into effect after they have been confirmed by an exchange of diplomatic notes. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 16 If a general multilateral convention concerning air transport comes into force in respect of both Contracting Parties, the present Agreement shall be amended so as to conform with the provisions of such convention. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 17 Either of the Contracting Parties may at any time notify the other of its intention to terminate the present Agreement. A copy of the notice shall be sent simultaneously to the International Civil Aviation Organization formed by the Convention. If such notice is given, the present Agreement shall terminate one year after the date of receipt by the other Contracting Party of the notice to terminate, unless by agreement between the Contracting Parties the notice under reference is withdrawn before the expiration of that period. If the other Contracting Party fails to acknowledge receipt, notice shall be deemed to have been received fourteen days after receipt by the International Civil Aviation Organization of its copy. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 18 The present Agreement and the diplomatic notes exchanged in accordance with Article 15 shall be registered with the International Civil Aviation Organization. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953

Article 19 The present Agreement will be approved by each Contracting Party in accordance with its legal procedures and the Agreement shall enter into force upon an exchange of diplomatic notes indicating such approval. 1953 23 02-03-1953 1953 72 04-09-1953 24-07-1953